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Jōmyō-ji
is a Zen Buddhist temple of the Rinzai sect, Kenchō-ji school, in Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Jōmyō-ji is Number Five of the five temples known as ''Kamakura Gozan'' ("Kamakura's Five Mountains"), and the only one of the five not founded by a member of the Hōjō clan. Jōmyō-ji has instead, as nearby Zuisen-ji, deep ties with the Ashikaga clan, and was one of the family's funeral temples (''bodaiji'').〔Harada (2008, 56)〕 For this reason the family's ''kamon'', or crest, is ubiquitous on its premises. The first three characters of its full name mean "Inari mountain", presumably from the hill of the same name where it stands, in its turn named after an ancient Inari myth (see below). Jōmyō-ji has given its name to the surrounding area, the characters for which have been however deliberately changed from to .〔
==History==
Jōmyō-ji was founded in 1188 by priest Taikō Gyōyū 退耕行勇 (1163–1241) as a Mikkyō temple with the name Gokuraku-ji but, soon after the first Japanese Zen monastery, nearby Kenchō-ji, was founded in 1253, the temple's head priest Geppō Ryōnen changed its denomination to Rinzai and its name to the present one.〔Kamiya (2008:108–110)〕 The date when this happened isn't known exactly, but it's thought to lie between 1257 and 1288.〔 Ashikaga Sadauji, father of future shogun Ashikaga Takauji, was Jōmyō-ji's sponsor and, with his help, it quickly grew in size and importance.〔 (The temple's name actually derives from Jōmyōjiden, Sadauji's posthumous name.〔) We know for example that in 1323 fifty of Jōmyō-ji priests participated at a ceremony in memory of Hōjō Sadatoki and that at the time the temple was ranked tenth for importance in Kamakura.〔 According to the Taiheiki, at the end of his life Ashikaga Tadayoshi was imprisoned and then poisoned here.
In the second half of the 14th century shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu in Kyoto formally established the network of Zen temples called ''Five Mountain System'' (''Gozan seido'' in Japanese) to help the shogunate rule the country. Jōmyō-ji was fifth of the ''Kamakura Gozan'', the five temples which presided over the system's Kantō sector, and was given facilities worthy of its status, including over 20 '.〔 However, in 1438 Kamakura Kubō Ashikaga Mochiuji rebelled against Kyoto's shogunate, was defeated and was forced to kill himself to avoid capture.〔 After his death Kamakura's decline, which had started when shogun Ashikaga Takauji had decided to move his capital to Kyoto, accelerated further, and the Kamakura Gozan followed the city into obscurity and neglect. When poet Gyōe in the summer of 1487 visited the temple, found it invaded by grasses and moss.〔 During the turbulent Sengoku period Jōmyō-ji, as the city in general, was to suffer a lot of violence and destruction.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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